• WL100/22: Chain 1, figs 40-41

Twenty five years ago today, I came across a Lutosławski autograph and immediately knew I had to buy it.  I was between my 40th and 41st birthdays at the time, so how could I resist?  A quick phone call and it was secured.  It was being sold by Lisa Cox, who had bought it in November/December 1987 at an auction in London held by Phillips in aid of the Musicians Benevolent Fund.  She was under the impression that Lutosławski had donated the manuscript along with a couple of signed photographs.  I paid the princely sum of £75 plus 50p postage.  (Excuse the skew-whiff angle and the camera flash – I had to photograph it in the dark to avoid reflections!)

IMG_8091 copy

• WL100/21: Funeral and Homily, 16.02.94

It was Ash Wednesday, 1994.  I had not gone specially to Warsaw for Lutosławski’s funeral on 16 February; I had arrived a week earlier on a pre-planned research trip.  But I could not stay away from Powązki Cemetery.  My recollections are slender, my few photographs, for what they are worth, rather remote.  Those were the days before digital photography, my camera had a poor zoom, and it didn’t seem right to photograph those present at close quarters (how customs have changed in less then 20 years).

Funeral

As you would expect, it was a cold day, but not snowbound as on my recent visit to the grave on the centenary of his birth.  Lutosławski had been cremated (there was at that stage only one crematorium in Poland – in Poznań – and the Roman Catholic church had an ambivalent attitude to cremation, to say the least).  I got to the cemetery early, before the mass in the chapel.  I located the grave, which was squeezed in next to that of Witold Rowicki, the conductor who commissioned Lutosławski’s Concerto for Orchestra in 1950.  I was intrigued to see that a full-size grave had been dug, a couple of feet deep, lined with bricks and half covered-over with curved concrete panels.

WL Funeral, 16.02.94:1

WL Funeral, 16.02.94:2

The chapel at the edge of the cemetery, inside the three-metre perimeter wall, was packed and stuffy.  The family wanted the minimum of fuss, with only one oration (translated below).  Stefania Woytowicz, who had been one of the great Polish sopranos and a passionate advocate of new Polish music, gave a less than steady account of the early Lacrimosa.  I decided to move outside.  Eventually, the funeral party emerged past an array of wreaths. Lutosławski’s stepson carried the simple wooden casket (to the left of the wreaths in the photo below).

WL Funeral, 16.02.94:3It was a circuitous route to the graveside.  A soldier carried the Order of the White Eagle, Poland’s highest honour, which had been awarded to Lutosławski shortly before he died.

WL Funeral, 16.02.94:4

I found myself standing the other side of the grave from the family.  Lutosławski’s stepson, Marcin Bogusławski, climbed into the narrow opening to place Lutosławski’s casket on the grave’s floor (not the easiest of tasks). Lutosławski’s widow Danuta looked terribly frail.  She was heard to say: “Happy Rowicka, that she died straight after her husband!” (she must have glanced to her right and seen the inscription on the adjacent grave of Rowicki and his wife, who died within weeks of each other in 1989).  Danuta Lutosławska died less than three months after her husband, on 23 April 1994.

I returned a day or two later to see the grave, now covered in a mound of earth.

WL Funeral, 16.02.94:5

Homily

The homily at Lutosławski’s funeral was given by Father Wiesław Niewęgłowski.  It was reproduced at the end of Tadeusz Kaczyński’s Lutosławski. Życie i muzyka (Warsaw: Sutkowski, 1994), 237-8.  The translation is mine.

We have come here to say farewell to Witold Lutosławski, who is going on a long journey.  Among his incessant travels around the world, this is the last.  The final stop the house where there are many mansions – eternity.  He has left us citizens of the world, while simultaneously being a faithful son of the Polish homeland.  An eminent artist, a great composer, and above all a man of integrity.

He was born during the winter in Warsaw.  And in Warsaw he also died on a winter day.  A graduate of the Warsaw Conservatory.  Before he knew what success was, he experienced deprivation.  During the years of occupation he earned his living playing the piano in a few cafés in the capital city.  During martial law, he took the side of society.

An artist of great talent.  He created his own musical language.  A unique art.  Already during his lifetime he was seen as a classic of the twentieth century.  His works entered the treasure-house of world musical culture.  They are of permanent and universal value.  He was aware of his gift, but also the responsibility for these gifts entrusted to him.  Which is why he once said, “Talent is a good entrusted.  And with this good I need to do something wise and noble.  Talent must be given back to people.  It is the duty of the artist”.  These talents he multiplied and generously gave to the world.  Inspired, but also hard-working, he repeated after Tchaikovsky: “Inspiration does not visit the lazy”.

We know how he avoided publicity.  He was self-effacing.  But the world appreciated him – he was presented with honorary degrees by many renowned universities, many distinguished prizes and decorations.  A great talent, heart and spirit.  Open to people, kindly, independent and steadfast.  Totally elegant and calm, he was a free man.  But his freedom, both as an artist and as a man, created a harmonious whole.  He was a person of clear choices.  Which is why he was seen as an unquestioned authority, not only musically but also morally.

He leaves on the day when at Church people pour ashes on their heads, saying an old truth: remember man, that you are dust and to dust you shall return.  A funeral ceremony on Ash Wednesday in a way doubly proclaims the truth about life.  Europe, as a result of strenuous efforts in the field of philosophy and culture, has sponsored an anthropological reduction of people.  The latest proposed model according to the conception of the West is a man devoid of the spiritual dimension, a man crippled.  Today’s European man is conceived of as an irreligious man.  But is it possible to limit him and his thinking space on the horizon of eternity?  As you know, unbelief is the idea only of white, European man.  Atheism in the cultures of other continents is an unknown phenomenon.  Today’s ceremony has revealed the need for the Absolute.  It shows that, alongside mental activity, the spiritual element, humility and realism are necessary for every climate. 

Remember, man, that you are dust and to dust you shall return – this sentence is not uttered to arouse fear.  Dust does not evoke a symbol but reality.  Man is a transient being.  But he is the only being who the inevitability of his own death knows.  The ritual of the ash and the ritual of the funeral, however, proclaim the truth not about death, but about life.  From the time of Christ, the insignificance of man is filled with the infinite, death brings life – like the chrysalis of a butterfly.  As the ash fertilises the earth and thus becomes a source of new life during the following spring, so  the ash, which is man, sown in the ground with Christ, may have its own spring.

In this liturgy, we ask God for this eternal spring for Witold Lutosławski.  We heard in today’s reading from the Letters of St Paul, that Man does not live for himself, but for Christ.  Man does not live for himself, but for people with whom Jesus identifies himself.  Our recently deceased brother Witold fulfilled this truth in his service as an artist, in his service as a Christian.  May his actions intercede for him with God, and that will be a sign for how we must go.

Przyszliśmy tutaj, aby pożegnać Witolda Lutosławskiego, który udaje się w daleką drogę.  Wśród jego bezustannych podróży po świecie – ta jest ostatnią.  Kóncowym przystankiem dom, w którym mieszkań jest wiele – wieczność.  Odchodzi od nas obywatel świata, a jednocześnie wierny syn polskiej ojczyzny.  Wybitny artysta, wielki kompozytor, a przede wszystkim człowiek prawy.

Urodził się podczas zimy w Warszawie. I w Warszawie też umarł w zimowy dzień.  Absolwent Konserwatorium Warszawskiego.  Zanim dowiedział się czym jest sukces, poznał smak niedostatku.  W latach okupacji zarobkował grą na fortepianie, w kilku kawiarniach stołecznego miasta.  W stanie wojennym opowiedział się po stronie społeczeństwa.

Artysta wielkiego talentu.  Stworzył własny język muzyczny.  Sztukę niepowtarzalną.  Już za życia postrzegano go jako klasyka XX wieku.  Jego dzieła weszły do skarbca światowej kultury muzycznej.  Są wartością stałą i uniwersalną.  Miał świadomość własnego obdarowania, ale i odpowiedzialności za powierzone mu dary. Dlatego kiedyś powiedział: “Talent to dobro powierzone.  I z tym dobrem trzeba coś mądrego i szlachetnego zrobić.  Talent trzeba oddać ludziom.  Jest to obowiązek artysty”.  Owe talenty mnożył i hojnie rozdawał światu. Natchniony, ale i pracowity – powtarzał za Czajkowskim: “natchnienie nie nawiedza leniwych”.

Wiemy, jak unikał rozgłosu.  Był skromny.  Ale świat go docenił – ofiarowano mu doktoraty honoris causa wielu renomowanych uczelni, wiele znakomitych nagród i orderów.  Wielki talentem, sercem i duchem.  Otwarty na ludzi, życzliwy, niezależny i niezawodny.  Pełen elegancji i spokoju, był człowiekiem wolnym.  Ale jego wolność i jako artysty, i jako człowieka, tworzyła harmonijną całość.  Był osobą jasnych wyborów.  Dlatego postrzegano go jako nie kwestionowany autorytet nie tylko muzyczny, ale i moralny.

Odchodzi w dniu, kiedy w Kościele sypie się ludziom na głowę popiół, mówiąc starą prawdę: pamiętaj człowiecze, że prochem jesteś i w proch się obrócisz.  Pogrzebowa ceremonia w Środę Popielcową jakby podwójnie głosi prawdę o życiu.  Europa w wyniku usilnych zabiegów na terenie filozofii i kultury zafundowała ludziom redukcję antropologiczną.  Proponowany najnowszy model według koncepcji Zachodu – to człowiek pozbawiony wymiaru duchowego, człowiek okaleczony.  Dzisiejszy człowiek europejski pomyślany jest jako człowiek niereligijny.  Ale czy można zamknąć go i przestrzeń jego myśli na horyzonty wieczności?  Jak wiecie, niewiara jest pomysłem jedynie człowieka białego, europejskiego.  Ateizm w kulturach innych kontynentów jest zjawiskiem nieznanym.  Dzisiejsza ceremonia odsłania potrzebę Absolutu.  Ukazuje, że obok aktywności umyśłowej potrzebny jest także każdemu klimat i pierwiastek duchowy, pokora, realizm.

Pamiętaj człowiecze, że prochem jesteś i w proch się obrócisz – to zdanie nie jest wypowiadane ku wzbudzaniu lęku.  Proch nie przywołuję symbolu, ale rzeczywistość.  Człowiek jest istotą przemijającą.  Ale jest także jedyną istotą, która o nieuchronności swej śmierci – wie.  Obrzęd popielcowy i obrzęd pogrzebowy głoszą jednak prawdę nie o śmierci, ale o życiu.  Od czasu Chrystusa znikomość człowieka wypełniona jest nieskończonością, śmierć wydaje życie – jak poczwarka motyla.  Jak popiół użyźnia ziemię i tym samym staje się przyczyną nowego życia podczas kolejnej wiosny; tak posiany z Chrystusem w ziemię proch, którym jest człowiek, może mieć swoją wiosnę.

O tę wieczną wiosnę dla Witolda Lutosławskiego prosimy Boga podczas tej liturgii.  Słyszeliśmy w czytanym dzisiaj liście św. Pawla, że Człowiek nie żyje dla siebie, ale dla Chrystusa.  Człowiek nie żyje dla siebie, ale dla ludzi, z nimi utożsamia sź Jezus.  Świętej pamięci nasz brat Witold wypełnił tę prawdę swą służbą artysty, służbą chrześcijanina.  Niech jego czyny orędują za nim u Boga, a dla nas będą znakiem, jak iść mamy.

• WL100/20: Dance Preludes, **15.02.55

Here are a couple of previously unrevealed facts about this popular piece for clarinet and piano.  The premiere of Lutosławski’s five Dance Preludes took place on 15 February 1955, although one of the set (unidentified) had already been played at a Polish Composers’ Union concert on 24 April 1954.

• In May 2002, I was doing some research in Poland when I came across some interesting information about the background of Dance Preludes which widens the chronology of its composition.  Here’s a sample:

Lutosławski evidently wrote a single Preludium taneczne in 1953.  In a letter to him dated 5 December 1953, his publisher wrote:

‘… we ask a kind favour of you: either agree to the publication of your one “Dance Prelude for clarinet and piano”, or write to us by the N. Year as to how things are with your plans for another two preludes – we would be very pleased with that.’
‘… zwracamy się do Ciebie z gorącą prośbą: Albo zgódź się na wydanie Twojego jednego “Preludium tanecznego na klarnet et fortepian”, albo napisz nam do N. Roku, tak, jak to jest w Twoich zamierzeniach jeszcze dwa preludia, z czego bardzo cieszylibyśmy się.’

Lutosławski replied by sending just the one prelude on 31 January 1954; this was almost certainly the one played in April 1954.  It eventually became the last in the set.  I have found no further correspondence about preludes in the plural until after the premiere in 1955.

• When exploring the musical and bibliographical contents of his house in September 2002 (with permission of the family), I discovered a folder marked ‘Mat. ludowe’ (Folk Mat[erials].), tucked away in a cupboard in the attic room. Among a wealth of MS examples in Lutosławski’s handwriting, there were several headed ‘Preludia tan.’ (Dan. Preludes), with tunes copied from another source.  Here’s the tune at the top of the list (it’s not been seen before; photograph taken in poor light on site), and it provided him with the initial theme for the first of the Dance Preludes.

Wl Dance Preludes:I folk tune

The insertion of differently-metred bars is characteristic of many Polish folksongs.  The connection between the source and the prelude is clear (the tempo is greatly increased), but the straightforward yet imaginative way in which Lutosławski makes a paragraph out of a (relatively) simple tune through extension, repetition and a varied underpinning is a stroke of genius.

Wl PT:1a

• WL100/19: ‘Lutosławski live’, 12-19.02.93

Twenty years ago today, ‘Lutosławski live‘ took over the concert halls of Manchester in celebration of the Polish composer’s 80th birthday two weeks earlier.  The festival was the brainchild of the British composer, John Casken, who had known Lutosławski since the early 1970s.  ‘Lutosławski live‘ placed his music within the context of composers old and new, with Casken and James Macmillan featuring as both composers and speakers and, in the case of MacMillan, as conductor too.  Lutosławski had hotfooted it back from Los Angeles, where he had just conducted the world premiere of his Fourth Symphony (5 February 1993).

The Lutosławski works performed in Manchester were: Variations on a Theme of Paganini (1941), Recitative e Arioso (1951), Concerto for Orchestra (1954), Dance Preludes (1954), Dance Preludes (1954/59), Jeux vénitiens (1961), String Quartet (1964), Preludes and Fugue (1972), Mi-parti (1976), Grave (1981), Mini-Overture (1982), Symphony no.3 (1983), Chain 1 (1983), Partita (1984), Chain 3 (1986), Piano Concerto (1988) and Slides (1988).

My recollection is of a wonderfully friendly event, with musicians drawn from the RNCM, the Allegri and Lindsay string quartets, the London Sinfonietta, the BBC PO and the Hallé.  Lutosławski himself conducted in two of the concerts.  I also have very fond memories of a relaxed post-concert supper with him, John Casken and others in a downtown Italian restaurant.  Good times.  Oh, I’ve only just noticed that I was quoted on the leaflet.  There’s observation for you.

WL live, Manchester 1993 front

WL live, Manchester 1993 inside

• WL100/18: Notebook, 12 February 1961

Lutosławski on the brink

The period which I have been going through for a long time already (a few years) has been uninteresting. It has been a period of intensive explorations into expressive devices that suit me.  This has inevitably led to a state where, for the most part, these work in poorly mastered, unfamiliar ways.  In this state, one loses one’s sure hand, loses accuracy, loses balance, loses authoritativeness and full responsibility for the outcome.   To this must be added that these investigations proceed slowly, that they bring few lasting gains.  The result of this state of affairs is the fact that the works of this period (orchestral wks from 59/60, and also a work for chamb. orch. from 1961), if going by their own intrinsic value, stand certainly lower than some of my previous pieces (Conc[erto for orchestra]., M[usique]. F[unèbre]., [Five] Songs to Iłł[akowicz].).   For me personally they still have greater value than those works because they are leading to something, are preparing something, are facilitating something which will be much more my own.  I will be able to write these pieces when the devices now being developed are to me as mastered, familiar and malleable as was the ‘late tonality’ in the Concerto for Orch.

Okres, który od dłuższego już czasu przeżywam (parę lat) jest nieciekawy.  Jest to okres wzmożonych poszukiwań odpowiednich dla mnie środków wyrazu.  Prowadzi to nieuchronnie do stanu, w którym operuje się w dużym procencie środkami źle opanowanymi, mało znanymi.  Gubi się w tym stanie pewność ręki, gubi się celność, gubi się równowagę, gubi się autorytatywność i pelnię odpowiedzialności za dzieło.  Do tego dodać należy, że te poszukiwania postępują wolno, że niewiele przynoszą trwałych zdobyczy.  Rezultatem tego stanu rzeczy jest fakt, że utwory tego okresu (utw. orkiestrowe z lat 59/60, a także utwór na ork. kam. z 1961), jeśli wziąć pod uwagę ich oderwaną od wszystkiego innego wartość, stoją na pewno niżej od niektórych poprzednich moich utworów (Konc., M. ż., Pieśni do Iłł.).  Dla mnie osobiście mają jednak wartość większą niż tamte, ponieważ prowadzą do czegoś, przygotowują coś, ułatwiają coś, co będzie o wiele bardziej moje własne.  Będę mógł te utwory napisać wtedy, kiedy opracowywane teraz środki staną się dla mnie tak opanowane, znane, podatne, jak to było z “późna tonalnością” w Koncercie na ork.

Witold Lutosławski, 12 February 1961  [my translation]

This entry in Lutosławski’s creative notebook is fascinating.  Firstly, it shows that he is still battling to find his own voice on a technical level.  With the benefit of hindsight, it seems obvious that he was tussling with the practicalities of the aleatory (chance) procedures that he had first encountered in John Cage’s Concert for Piano (1958) in a radio broadcast.  This life-changing moment occurred, by his own account, sometime in 1960.

The orchestral pieces that Lutosławski mentions from 1959-60 are what he subsequently called Three Postludes. He completed them as follows, but not in the order in which they were published (my primary source here is the German musicologist, Martina Homma):

No.1  (14 September 1958)
No.3  (4 April 1959)
No.2  (27 August 1960)

There is no record of any other work being completed during the next six months, until he started to finalise three movements from Jeux vénitiens, the chamber orchestra piece from 1961 mentioned above.  These three movements were premiered in Venice on 24 April 1961.  Two of them were then radically overhauled and a third movement added in time for the full premiere in Warsaw on 16 September 1961.  The Jeux vénitiens chronology works out as follows:

Mvt.4  (7 March 1961; rev. 11 August 1961)
Mvt.2  (28 March 1961)
Mvt.1  (5 April 1961; rev. 29 August 1961)
Mvt.3  (21 August 1961)

wl-jv-sketches-folderOne may only conjecture what was happening in Lutosławski’s head and in his studio between 27 August 1960 and 7 March 1961.  It seems probable that it was during September-December 1960 that he heard Cage’s Concert for Piano.  Evidently, on 12 February 1961 he was still nowhere near a satisfactory solution to his quest for new expressive devices.  His search almost certainly revolved around how to animate his twelve-note harmonic language (already evident in Five Songs, Musique funèbre and the ‘orchestral wks from 59/60’) with ‘unmastered, unfamiliar’ rhythmic aleatorism.  His first public attempts, aired in Venice, were quickly revised for the Warsaw premiere (I explored these issues in detail in 2001).

What is fascinating about the diary extract above is the clarity of Lutosławski’s mind about the value of this experimentation, even though his technical efforts were still in some disarray and he was far from finding the solutions that suited him.  But he knew that the direction in which he was heading was the right one, and he was determined to follow his instincts through.

• WL100/17: Notebook, 6 February 1959

Lutosławski as parachutist

‘Emulating’ [lit. ‘Repeating’ after someone] is only worth it when what one does is even better than the model.  There are obvious examples: Mozart and the Mannheimers, Bach and Pachelbel, Vivaldi etc..  One has to have great self-confidence to ’emulate’.  If one does not have this, it is necessary to find things that have not yet been discovered.  Today there are no great ‘synthesizers’, ‘blenders’, no material to emulate. What scouts, ‘advance troops’, ‘parachutists’ discover is slight material with which little can be done. Each must seek his own nourishment, condemned to ‘the poverty of avant-gardism’.  He must be his own ‘parachutist’, and then also ‘occupy the ground’ himself.

‘Powtarzać’ po kimś warto tylko wtedy, kiedy robi się to samo lepiej niż model.  Przykłady oczywiste: Mozart i mannheimczycy, Bach – Pachelbel, Vivaldi etc.  Trzeba dużej pewności siebie, żeby ‘powtarzać’.  Jeśli się jej nie ma, trzeba wynajdywać rzeczy jeszcze niewynalezione.  Dziś nie ma wielkich ‘syntetyków, ‘zlewaczy’, nie ma materiału do powtarzania.  To, co wynajdują szperacze, ‘szpica’, ‘spadochroniarze’ – to jest wiotka materia, z której niewiele da się zrobić.  Każdy musi sam sobie szukać pokarmu, skazany jest na ‘nędzę awangardowości’.  Musi sam być ‘spadochroniarzem’, a później również sam ‘obsadzać teren’.

Witold Lutosławski, 6 February 1959  [my translation]

• WL100/16: Philharmonia Festival, 2-12.02.89

The Philharmonia’s festival to mark the centenary of the birth of Witold Lutosławski (http://woven-words.co.uk) is not the first time that the orchestra and Esa-Pekka Salonen have celebrated his music.  They also marked his 75th birthday with a series of four concerts, although for some reason these were given shortly after Lutosławski’s 76th birthday, starting on this date, 2 February, in 1989.  Very curious.

Lutosławski shared the conducting with Salonen and also gave a pre-concert talk.  His works were Symphony no.2 (1967), Livre pour orchestre (1968), Cello Concerto (1970), Les Espaces du sommeil (1975), Double Concerto (1980), Symphony no.3 (1983) and Chain 3 (1986).  Again, his music was partnered by that of 20th-century composers with whom he felt an affinity – Bartók, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel and Stravinsky – alongside works by Beethoven, Brahms and Haydn.

WL:Philharmonia 1989 front

WL:Philharmonia 1989 inside

• WL100/15: Thank-you note, 26 January 1993

When I was working at BBC Radio 3, I sent Lutosławski greetings for his 8oth birthday.  In his characteristically courteous and meticulous fashion, he replied the following day.  He was in San Francisco, en route to Los Angeles, where he conducted the LAPO in the premiere of his Fourth Symphony on 5 February 1993.

Note from WL, 26.01.93

• WL100/14: Lutosławski at Polish Radio

WL w Polskim RadiuPolish Radio’s new website Witold Lutosławski w Polskim Radiu looks like being one of the most interesting archival sources on the composer so far.  There are audio files and photo galleries connected with Lutosławski’s work at Polish Radio in the 1940s and 50s as well as a host of radio interviews made with and about him over the years. The initial on-screen teething problems have now been sorted, although the promised English-language transcripts of some of the items have yet to materialise.

The contents are already of considerable interest, and I hope they will be added to in the coming weeks and months. Currently the contents include:

• over thirty radio reminiscences and interviews
• two examples of incidental music for Polish Radio Theatre unheard since the mid-1950s
• three photo galleries: Witold Lutosławski and His Time (52 items), From the Family Album (22) and Documents from Polish Radio (17)

For those who don’t understand Polish, the second and third groups above may be of the greatest interest.

Incidental Music

Polish Radio has unearthed two sequences of Lutosławski’s incidental music for Polish Radio Theatre.  This activity was one which he pursued from the late 1940s until 1960.  Little has been written on his incidental music because it was thought that it existed, if at all, almost exclusively in score form.  Polish Radio has now released these two audio compilations from its sound archives.

The earlier of the two is called Anccasin ef Nocolette on the PR website.  I must admit that I cannot rationalise the language nor find any source for this title.  Martina Homma has identified the item as Okassen i Mikołajka, which seems linguistically more reliable.  She dates the broadcast of this authorless text to 8 November 1954 (eighteen days before the premiere of the Concerto for Orchestra).  Although the PR site gives the duration of the music as 5’39”, it lasts for 11’17”.  The music is Baroque pastiche, the fragments up until 08’50” for harpsichord alone. Thereafter, a flute and violin join in.  I wonder if Lutosławski was himself playing the keyboard.  The recording is rather basic and the performance is not without the occasional fluff.

The second of the two sequences was broadcast almost three months later, on 30 January 1955.  It was composed for one of the Arabic folk tales from Klechdy sezamowe (Tales of Sesame, 1913) by Stanisław Leśmian, who is better known by his first forename, Bolesław.  The music for Zeklęty rumak (PR site), or O zaklętym rumaku (Homma), is more fantastic and richly scored, for chamber ensemble, than the frankly boring music for the earlier piece.  It lasts for 10’27” (the PR site says 5’14”).  Let’s hope there are more riches in the sound archives from Lutosławski’s prolific period as a composer of incidental music.

Photo Galleries

There are many unfamiliar items here, so these three sections present new windows into the past.  The third section of documents is perhaps the least interesting as it draws on administrative paperwork from the post-war decade. The second section of family photographs consists almost entirely of old images of the Lutosławski family rather than of the composer.  His likeness to his brother Jerzy and his father Józef is very striking.

It is the first section that brings Lutosławski really to life, with photographs dating from after the Second World War up until 1993.  I was thrilled to see the sequence of photos from the rehearsals and concert for the full premiere of the Second Symphony, which Lutosławski conducted in Katowice in 1967.  There are also black and white stills from the documentary film made by Krzysztof Zanussi in 1990 for the BBC (see my post WL100/13: In Conversation with Zanussi).

But for me it’s the first two photographs which I find utterly compelling.  They were evidently taken during the same photo shoot (PR indicates that this was in January 1946) as another image used on the front cover of Polish Radio’s listings magazine Radio i Świat in April 1948 (see the top illustration in Panel 2: 1946-49 Music for Radio from my exhibition ‘The Hidden Composer’).  Of these two new images, which are technically much better than the one reproduction that I found, it is the first which I find almost unbearably haunting.

WL, January 1946

• WL100/13: In Conversation with Zanussi

On 19 January 1991, BBC 2 showed a one-hour documentary on Lutosławski.  It was made by the distinguished Polish film director Krzysztof Zanussi.  Witold Lutosławski in Conversation with Krzysztof Zanussi (1990) utilises excerpts from a BBC Omnibus documentary Warsaw Autumn (1978)filmed by Dennis Marks in 1977, as starting points.  Zanussi steers Lutosławski through key moments of his life, interspersed with the composer conducting rehearsals or special recordings of excerpts of his music.

The results are mixed.  At times, the premise is realised archly, as at the beginning, when the interview set-up seems rather self-conscious.  At other times, Zanussi’s probing produces some interesting responses.  Lutosławski recollection of his father is rather touching, for example, and his recollection of life in the 1980s (during Solidarity and then under Martial Law) fascinating.  As always, he can be alternately open and guarded.

The interiors were filmed either in his downstairs sitting area (it’s open-plan) or in his first floor, L-shaped study (see my earlier post Lutosławski’s Carpet).  The major musical extracts are from Musique FunèbrePreludes and FugueChain 2 (with Krzysztof Jakowicz) and the Third Symphony.  Two excerpts from Witold Lutosławski in Conversation with Krzysztof Zanussi (amounting to the second and fourth quarters of the documentary) were uploaded to YouTube yesterday, so here are the links with a little commentary to each.

Excerpt 1

This section is concerned firstly with the post-war decade and socialist realism.  Habitually, Lutosławski was extremely guarded about this period, as he is here, especially in the excerpt from the Omnibus film.  The three-day conference to which Lutosławski refers took place in western Poland, at a place called Łagów, in August 1949.  (Less than half of the members of the Polish Composers’ Union attended, rather than the ‘all’ that Lutosławski mentions.)  Secondly (c. 7’45” in), the film shows Lutosławski accompanying a group of young children singing one of his children’s songs, Rzeczka (River, 1947).  The final section (c. 11’20” in) moves the questioning of the relationship between the music and social-political contexts to the 1980s.  It shows a fragment of Lutosławski’s speech on the first day of the Congress of Polish Culture in Warsaw on 12 December 1981.  Overnight, Poland found itself under Martial Law.

 

Excerpt 2

This section concludes the documentary with a brief discussion of the return to democracy in the late 1980s and then focuses on the Third Symphony.  There are two musical passages here, from figs 84 to 89 and from fig. 93 (Coda), in what appears to be a specially recorded session with Lutosławski conducting the Great Polish Radio SO (WOSPR) in Katowice.